The first synthetic molecular trefoil knot was prepared in the late 1980s. However, it is only in
the last few years that more complex small‐molecule knot topologies have been realized …

In this review, we provide an organized summary of the theoretical and computational
results that are available for polymers subject to spatial or topological constraints. Because …

The protein topology database KnotProt, http://knotprot. cent. uw. edu. pl/, collects
information about protein structures with open polypeptide chains forming knots or slipknots …

The last decade has shown that there are an increasing numbers of known proteins that
contain linear open knots or slipknots in their native folded structure. In general, knots in …

Knots and entanglements are ubiquitous. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these fascinating
topological entities can be either useful or cumbersome. In recent decades, the importance …

The computer artificial intelligence system AlphaFold has recently predicted previously
unknown three‐dimensional structures of thousands of proteins. Focusing on the subset with …

Around 6% of protein structures deposited in the PDB are entangled, forming knots,
slipknots, lassos, links, and θ-curves. In each of these cases, the protein backbone weaves …

Topologically knotted proteins have entangled structural elements within their native
structures that cannot be disentangled simply by pulling from the N-and C-termini …

The interplay between the topological and geometrical properties of a polymer ring can be
clarified by establishing the entanglement trapped in any portion (arc) of the ring. The task …

Highlights•Knotted proteins span diverse biological functions and cover∼ 1% of all PDB
entries.•Reaching their knotted native states requires a concerted series of folding …