Abstract Background and Purpose This update of the treatment guidelines was
commissioned by the European Academy of Neurology and the European section of the …

A robust body of evidence from randomized controlled trials has established the efficacy of
deep brain stimulation (DBS) in reducing off time and dyskinesias in levodopa‐treated …

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by specific voice disorders
collectively termed hypokinetic dysarthria. We here investigated voice changes by using …

The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the progressive loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs) in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease attributed to
multifactorial changes. However, its pathological mechanism remains undetermined …

Despite being introduced in clinical practice more than 20 years ago, selection criteria for
deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) rely on a document published in …

Importance Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) improves quality
of life (QOL) in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). However, controlled studies …

Objective This study was undertaken to describe relationships between electrode
localization and motor outcomes from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation …

In Parkinson's disease, both motor and neuropsychiatric complications unfold as a
consequence of both incremental striatal dopaminergic denervation and intensifying long …

Abstract α-Synuclein and tau are abundant multifunctional brain proteins that are mainly
expressed in the presynaptic and axonal compartments of neurons, respectively. Previous …