Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

Although the mammillary bodies have been implicated in amnesia perhaps for longer than
any other single brain region, their role has remained elusive. It is now emerging that the …

Efforts to bridge emotion theory with neurobiology can be facilitated by dynamic systems
(DS) modeling. DS principles stipulate higher-order wholes emerging from lower-order …

Neurons propagate information through circuits by integrating thousands of synaptic inputs
to generate an action potential output. Inputs from different origins are often targeted to …

Hippocampal theta oscillations orchestrate faster beta-to-gamma oscillations facilitating the
segmentation of neural representations during navigation and episodic memory. Supra …

The CA2 area is an important, although relatively unexplored, component of the
hippocampus. We used various tracers to provide a comprehensive analysis of CA2 …

Bouts of high frequency activity known as sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) facilitate
communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the paths and …

Neural activity often becomes rhythmic during mental processing. But there has been no
direct proof that rhythmicity, per se, is important for mental function. We assessed this issue …

The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) is a small region in the ventromedial posterior
hypothalamus. The SuM has been relatively understudied with much of the prior focus being …

The theta rhythm is the largest extracellular synchronous signal that can be recorded from
the mammalian brain and has been strongly implicated in mnemonic processes of the …