Air–sea momentum and scalar fluxes are strongly influenced by the coupling dynamics
between turbulent winds and a spectrum of waves. Because direct field observations are …

When surface waves interact with ambient turbulence, the two affect each other mutually.
Turbulent eddies get redirected, intensified and periodically stretched and compressed …

In this study, the effect of underwater thermal jet on the thermal skin of water surface were
conducted by experiments. The parameters, such as the Reynolds number, underwater …

A comprehensive in situ data set was obtained for the purpose of testing upper ocean
turbulence models. The data set was collected in 38 m deep water over the North Carolina …

The spatial variability of lake surface water temperature (LSWT) between smooth and rough
surface areas and its potential association with the natural surfactant distribution in the …

Underwater movement of objects can generate hydrodynamic and thermal wakes. Inverting
these wake signals can provide information about underwater vehicles, making it essential …

The influence of wind stress, wind drift, and wind-wave (microscale) breaking on the coupled
air–sea boundary layer is poorly understood. We performed high-resolution planar and …

Gas exchange at high wind speeds is not well understood—few studies have been
conducted at wind speeds above 20 ms− 1 and significant disagreement exists between gas …

Context: Harmonic summation and amplification by winds blowing contrary to currents are
known contributions to rogue waves, but the causes of the observed wave steepness …

Abstract Low wind speeds (< 4 m/s) are ubiquitous in many water bodies, yet the physical
processes occurring at the air-water interface in this range are poorly understood. A notable …