Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is induced by inflammatory signals in a broad number of immune
cell types. IL-1β (and IL-18) are the only cytokines which are processed by caspase-1 after …

Cathepsin G belongs to the neutrophil serine proteases family, known for its function in
killing pathogens. Studies over the past several years indicate that cathepsin G has …

COVID-19 is a medical emergency, with 20% of patients presenting with severe clinical
manifestations. From the pathogenetic point of view, COVID-19 mimics two other well-known …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito‐borne alphavirus that is primarily known for
causing severe joint and muscle symptoms, but its pathological effects have extended …

Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in stimulatory parotid saliva and in serum …

Facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) is a common degenerative joint disorder with high
prevalence in the elderly. FJOA causes lower back pain and lower extremity pain, and thus …

Background and aims The interaction between the immune system and pain has been
thoroughly explored in the recent decades. The release of inflammatory mediators from …

Alarm antiproteases, ie secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor ad elafin, are key mediators in
innate immune response and integrate innate and adaptive immunity systems. The aim of …

It was found that silkworm serine protease inhibitors BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 were very
different from typical TIL-type protease inhibitors in sequence, structure, and activity …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by a spectrum of
hypersensitivity reactions, encompassing Type II, Type III, and Type IV responses. Firstly, RA …