Proteolysis in eukaryotic cells is mainly mediated by the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system
(UPS) and the autophagylysosome system (hereafter autophagy). The UPS is a selective …

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two major degradative
pathways of proteins in eukaryotic cells. As about 30% of newly synthesized proteins are …

In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death,
which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the …

Autophagy is a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material by a double-
membrane structure named the autophagosome. The initiation of autophagosome formation …

Autophagy plays a paramount role in mammalian antiviral immunity including direct
targeting of viruses and their individual components, and many viruses have evolved …

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation pathway and has emerged as a key
mechanism of antiviral immunity in metazoans, including the selective elimination of viral …

Stress granules (SGs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic condensates that assemble in
response to stress and contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis. These membraneless …

Autophagy as a conserved catabolic pathway can respond to reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and plays an important role in degrading oxidized proteins in plants under various …

Abstract The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family is an evolutionarily conserved
group of cochaperones that modulate numerous cellular processes. Previously we found …

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is defined as the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the
endoplasmic reticulum, and is caused by conditions such as heat or agents that cause …