Over the past few decades, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways have
been shown to be the main coordinators of the endocrine, behavioral, and immune …

Background: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) pathways coordinate behavioral,
endocrine, autonomic and visceral responses to stress. Convergent anatomical, molecular …

The interaction between the brain and the gut as a pathological mechanism of functional
gastrointestinal disorders has been recently recognized in the pathophysiology of the …

Stress affects the gastrointestinal tract as part of the visceral response. Various stressors
induce similar profiles of gut motor function alterations, including inhibition of gastric …

The characterization of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and CRF receptors, and the
development of specific CRF receptor antagonists selective for the receptor subtypes have …

Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide produced in the paraventricular and the supraoptical nuclei in
the hypothalamus has a wide range of effects in the body. However, the role of OT on the …

Several features of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suggest involvement of the emotional
limbic system in the brain. Abnormalities which upregulate afferent (sensory) signal intensity …

Visceral hypersensitivity is highly prevalent in all functional bowel disorders. Most also
demonstrate wider patterns of somatic referral of intestinal pain or discomfort. This …

Selye pioneered the concept of biological stress in 1936, culminating in the identification of
the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways by Vale's group in the last two …

Disordered signalling between the brain and the gut are generally accepted to underlie the
functional bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, partly due to the lack of …