Women are at twice the risk for anxiety and depression disorders as men are, although the
underlying biological factors and mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we …

Treating major depression is a medical need that remains unmet by monoaminergic
therapeutic strategies that commonly fail to achieve symptom remission. A breakthrough in …

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for
which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors' previous proof-of …

Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to bounce back from adversity or trauma. Recent
advances in resilience research have shifted away from merely describing individual …

Neurotrophic factors are a family of growth factors that modulate cellular growth, survival,
and differentiation. For many decades, it has been generally believed that a lack of …

The therapeutic onset of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks and many
depressed patients fail to respond to treatment altogether. In contrast, subanesthetic …

Abstract (R, S)-ketamine (ketamine) and its enantiomer (S)-ketamine (esketamine) can
produce rapid and substantial antidepressant effects. However, individual response to …

The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that reduced levels of brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to …

Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has been
employed clinically as an intravenous anesthetic since the 1970s. More recently, ketamine …

Schizophrenia is a widespread psychiatric disorder that affects 0.5–1.0% of the world's
population and induces significant, long-term disability that exacts high personal and …