Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds,
yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections …

An enteric virus surrogate and reliable domestic wastewater tracer is needed to manage
microbial quality of food and water as (waste) water reuse becomes more prevalent in …

Recent outbreaks involving enveloped viruses, such as Ebola virus, have raised questions
regarding the persistence of enveloped viruses in the water environment. Efforts have been …

Human norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. Since
no cell culture method for human norovirus exists, cultivable surrogate viruses (CSV) …

Chlorine was assessed as a reconditioning agent and wash water disinfectant in the fresh-
cut produce industry. Artificial fresh-cut lettuce wash water, made from butterhead lettuce …

Initial recommendations for surface disinfection to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission were
developed using previous evidence from potential surrogates. To the best of our knowledge …

In the more than 15 years since its introduction, quantitative microbial risk assessment
(QMRA) has become a widely used technique for assessing population health risk posed by …

Background Food safety and quality can be compromised by microbiological contamination
caused by a variety of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms present in the production …

Levels of severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS CoV 2) RNA in wastewater
could act as an effective means to monitor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within …

Viral surrogates are widely used by researchers to predict human norovirus behavior.
Murine norovirus (MNV) is currently accepted as the best surrogate and is assumed to mimic …