Primary dysmenorrhea: diagnosis and therapy

E Ferries-Rowe, E Corey, JS Archer - Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020 - journals.lww.com
Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pain during the menstrual cycle in the absence of an
identifiable cause. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain in women …

Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence

CGT Vance, DL Dailey, BA Rakel, KA Sluka - Pain management, 2014 - Taylor & Francis
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacological intervention
that activates a complex neuronal network to reduce pain by activating descending inhibitory …

Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews

L Jones, M Othman, T Dowswell… - Cochrane database …, 2012 - cochranelibrary.com
Background The pain that women experience during labour is affected by multiple
physiological and psychosocial factors and its intensity can vary greatly. Most women in …

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour

M Anim‐Somuah, RMD Smyth… - … of systematic reviews, 2018 - cochranelibrary.com
Background Epidural analgesia is a central nerve block technique achieved by injection of a
local anaesthetic close to the nerves that transmit pain, and is widely used as a form of pain …

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour

CA Smith, KM Levett, CT Collins… - Cochrane Database …, 2018 - cochranelibrary.com
Background Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain
management in labour and this may contribute to the popularity of complementary methods …

Advances in labor analgesia

CA Wong - International journal of women's health, 2010 - Taylor & Francis
The pain of childbirth is arguably the most severe pain most women will endure in their
lifetimes. The pain of the early first stage of labor arises from dilation of the lower uterine …

Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour

CA Smith, KM Levett, CT Collins… - Cochrane Database …, 2018 - cochranelibrary.com
Background Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain
management in labour, and this may contribute towards the popularity of complementary …

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain

MI Johnson, CA Paley, TE Howe… - Cochrane Database of …, 2015 - cochranelibrary.com
Background This is a second update of a Cochrane Review originally published in Issue 2,
2009. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non‐pharmacological agent …

Hypnosis for pain management during labour and childbirth

K Madden, P Middleton, AM Cyna… - Cochrane Database …, 2016 - cochranelibrary.com
Background This review is one in a series of Cochrane reviews investigating pain
management for childbirth. These reviews all contribute to an overview of systematic reviews …

Immersion in water in labour and birth

ER Cluett, E Burns - Cochrane Database of Systematic …, 2009 - cochranelibrary.com
Background Enthusiasts suggest that labouring in water and waterbirth increase maternal
relaxation, reduce analgesia requirements and promote a midwifery model of care. Critics …