Injury to the fifth (V, trigeminal) and seventh (VII, facial) cranial nerves may result in
significant cosmetic and functional deficits. These deformities have a profound effect on …

Facial nerve iatrogenic injuries are serious and can negatively affect the quality of life of the
patients. Due to the properties of the nerve, the complications are devastating involving the …

Background: Facial nerve explorations and microstimulation of distal nerve branches during
facial reanimation procedures by the senior author (JKT) have yielded various observations …

Background: The facial nerve controls facial muscles and expressions. Variability in
branching patterns of the nerve creates variability in facial animation, which is evident in …

Background: Complete loss of eyelid pair is associated with chronic discomfort, corneal
ulceration, and visual impairment. Contemporary reconstructive techniques rarely provide …

Preservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more
important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course …

Objective: The facial nerve and close relationship between its branches and parotid duct
were investigated. Methods: This study was performed on 31 half heads of 16 fixed …

Purpose The purpose of our anatomical study was to compare the accessibility of the area at
the level of the neck of the condyle and the condylar head by two different approaches: the …

Objective We aimed to determine anatomic features of the temporal branch (TB) of the facial
nerve and its relation to various anatomic landmarks on the face in order to prevent damage …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) acts as a sliding hinge between mandible and temporal
bone. Disorders of temporomandibular joint are intolerable for the patients in severe cases …