The cytoplasm of bacterial cells is a highly crowded cellular compartment that possesses
considerable osmotic potential. As a result, and owing to the semipermeable nature of the …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Lipids are emerging as key regulators of membrane protein structure and activity. These
effects can be attributed either to the modification of bilayer properties (thickness, curvature …

Secondary transporters undergo structural rearrangements to catalyze substrate
translocation across the cell membrane–yet how such conformational changes happen …

Monoamine transporters (MATs) regulate neurotransmission via the reuptake of dopamine,
serotonin and norepinephrine from extra-neuronal regions and thus maintain …

Direct interactions with lipids have emerged as key determinants of the folding, structure and
function of membrane proteins, but an understanding of how lipids modulate protein …

Membrane proteins exist within the highly hydrophobic membranes surrounding cells and
organelles, playing key roles in cellular function. It is becoming increasingly clear that the …

Solute carriers form one of three major superfamilies of membrane transporters in humans,
and include uniporters, exchangers and symporters. Following several decades of …

Opioids, local anesthetics, anticonvulsant drugs, antidepressants, and non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to provide pain relief but they do not provide …

Solute transport across cell membranes is ubiquitous in biology as an essential
physiological process. Secondary active transporters couple the unfavorable process of …