The informal economy consists of economic activities that occur outside of formal
institutional boundaries but which remain within informal institutional boundaries for large …

This paper reviews competing theories about the causes of informality in developing
countries and uses new data to determine which theory best explains the persistence and …

Abstract 'Informality'is a term used to describe the collection of firms, workers and activities
that operate outside the legal and regulatory systems. It is widespread in the majority of …

Totalmente atualizado e renovado, mas mantendo sua consistência e profundidade,
Rouquayrol–Epidemiologia & Saúde, agora em sua oitava edição, aborda as principais …

The aim of this introductory article is to provide a critical overview of how informality has
been defined and measured, together with selected findings on its extent and character, and …

This paper studies structural transformation and its implications for productivity growth in the
BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) from the 1980s onwards. Based on a …

This study analyzes the preferences of entrepreneurs about formality and focuses on the
role of gender. Relying on original data collected in Indonesia, we unpack the differences …

Because the shadow economy cannot be taxed, it erodes the tax base and reduces tax
revenues, forcing governments to resort to other ways to finance their expenditures …

Access to opportunities through public transport can have different impacts on individual's
life especially in developing countries where opportunities are limited, job informality rates …

Rapid urbanization has seen a concurrent growth of informal economies, which play an
important role in alleviating urban unemployment and poverty. Following international efforts …