Cultural heritage monuments may be discolored and degraded by growth and activity of
living organisms. Microorganisms form biofilms on surfaces of stone, with resulting aesthetic …

The biological colonization present on the temples of the UNESCO World Heritage site of
Angkor is wide and relevant, but a debate on its biodeteriorative and bioprotective effects is …

Microorganisms in biofilms on building surfaces include algae, bacteria and fungi and cause
discolouration and degradation, but definitive information about preferences of microbial …

Major microorganisms in biofilms on external surfaces of historic buildings are algae,
cyanobacteria, bacteria, and fungi. Their growth causes discoloration and degradation. We …

Coping with Biological Growth on Stone Heritage Objects: Methods, Products, Applications,
and Perspectives offers hands-on guidance for addressing the specific challenges involved …

Biodeterioration of archaeological sites and historic buildings is a major concern for
conservators, archaeologists, and scientists involved in preservation of the world's cultural …

Biofilm-forming cyanobacteria are widespread inhabitants of exposed stones in
archaeological and historical sites and caves. Outdoors, these phototrophic biofilms are …

Atmospheric pollution and weathering of stone surfaces in urban historic buildings
frequently results in disfigurement or damage by salt crust formation (often gypsum) …

Environmental science has traditionally focused on conservation of natural resources.
However, there is a second, little known, branch of environmental science that deals with the …

In this review, topic modeling—an unsupervised machine learning tool—is employed to
analyze research on pigments in cultural heritage published from 1999–2023. The review …