Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

Decadal trends in the properties of seawater adjacent to Antarctica are poorly known, and
the mechanisms responsible for such changes are uncertain. Antarctic ice sheet mass loss …

Glaciers cover about 10% of the Earth's land area but they are retreating rapidly and many
will disappear within decades. Glacier retreat is a worldwide phenomenon increasing the …

The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep
seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and …

We present an update of the 'key points' from the Antarctic Climate Change and the
Environment (ACCE) report that was published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic …

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of
environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 …

In recent decades, the land-ocean aquatic continuum, commonly defined as the interface, or
transition zone, between terrestrial ecosystems and the open ocean, has undergone …

A quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the
Southern Ocean (SO) with a potential impact on the marine ecosystem shows:(i) large …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is one of the three places on Earth that registered the most
intense warming in the last 50 years, almost five times the global mean. This warming has …