Bone stress injuries, including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that lead to substantial
morbidity in active individuals. These injuries occur when excessive repetitive loads are …

The mechanical properties of bone are fundamental to the ability of our skeletons to support
movement and to provide protection to our vital organs. As such, deterioration in mechanical …

Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total
hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern …

Hard biological materials—for example, seashells, bone or wood—fulfil critical structural
functions and display unique and attractive combinations of stiffness, strength and …

Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate
the mineralization of the skeleton. These cells work in harmony with osteoclasts, which …

Osteocalcin is among the most abundant proteins in bone and is produced exclusively by
osteoblasts. Initially believed to be an inhibitor of bone mineralization, recent studies …

Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and
organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable …

The growing incidence of skeletal fractures poses a significant challenge to ageing
societies. Since a major part of physiological loading in the lower limbs is carried by cortical …

Bones are constantly remodeled throughout life to maintain robust structure and function.
Dysfunctional remodeling can result in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis (bone …

Mice are widely used in studies of skeletal biology, and assessment of their bones by
mechanical testing is a critical step when evaluating the functional effects of an experimental …