The peritoneal cavity is a fluid filled space that holds most of the abdominal organs,
including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue that contains milky spots or clusters of …

There are multiple, distinct B-cell populations in human beings and other animals such as
mice. In the latter species, there is a well-characterized subset of B-cells known as B1 cells …

Fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) are a type of lymphoid tissue associated with
visceral fat. Here we found that the distribution of FALCs was heterogeneous, with the …

Carbohydrates are regarded as promising targets for vaccine development against
infectious disease because cell surface glycans on many infectious agents are attributed to …

Typhoid and emerging paratyphoid fever are a severe enteric disease worldwide with high
morbidity and mortality. Licensed typhoid vaccines are in the market, but no paratyphoid …

In mice, neonatally-developing, self-reactive B-1 cells generate steady levels of natural
antibodies throughout life. B-1 cells can, however, also rapidly respond to infections with …

B lymphocytes were originally described as a cell type uniquely capable of secreting Abs.
The importance of T cell help in Ab production was revealed soon afterward. Following …

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are severe systemic infections caused by human-adapted
typhoidal Salmonella serovars that are indistinguishable in their clinical presentation, but …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expresses a capsule of Vi polysaccharide, while most
Salmonella serovars, including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, do not. Both S. Typhi and …

Several microbial components, such as bacterial DNA and flagellin, have been used as
experimental vaccine adjuvants because of their inherent capacity to efficiently activate …