The ac Josephson effect predicted in 1962 and observed experimentally in 1963 as
quantized 'voltage steps'(the Shapiro steps) from photon-assisted tunnelling of Cooper pairs …

A series of recent experiments have shown that collision of ballistic electrons in
semiconductors can be used to probe the indistinguishability of single-electron …

A well-characterised sample of silicon tunable-barrier electron pump has been operated at a
frequency of 2 GHz using a custom drive waveform, generating a pump current of 320 pA …

Synchronization of Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions (JJs) under microwave
radiation, which leads to current quantization, has been proposed as an effect that is dual to …

The universality of physical phenomena is a pivotal concept underlying quantum standards.
In this context, the realization of a quantum current standard using silicon single-electron …

The expanding role of National Metrology Institutes in the quantum era | Nature Physics Skip to
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Single-electron sources are an essential component of modern quantum nanoelectronic
devices. Owing to their high accuracy and stability, they have been successfully employed …

Precise and reproducible current generation is the key to realizing quantum current
standards in metrology. A promising candidate is a tunable-barrier single-charge pump …

A single electron pump was incorporated with a quantum Hall resistance and a Josephson
voltage for the current evaluation in the framework of Ohm's law. The pump current of about …

The quantum Josephson voltage standard is well established across the metrology
community for many years. It relies on the synchronization of the flux tunneling in the S/I/S …