In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal
conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are …

The prevalence of liver cancer is constantly rising, with increasing incidence and mortality in
Europe and the USA in recent decades. Among the different subtypes of liver cancers …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation by tryptophan (Trp) catabolites enhances tumor
malignancy and suppresses anti-tumor immunity. The context specificity of AHR target …

Tumor immunometabolism contributes substantially to tumor proliferation and immune cell
activity, and thus plays a crucial role in the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Modulation of …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states,
eg, in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common
neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), presenting a broad range of symptoms from motor …

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are referred to as highly disabling chronic
diseases affecting different organs and systems. Inappropriate or excessive immune …

Abstract Treatment of cancers has always been a challenge for physicians. Typically,
several groups of anti-cancer medications are needed for effective management of an …

The functional competence of the immune system gradually declines with aging, a process
called immunosenescence. The age-related remodelling of the immune system affects both …

Background & Aims The Crohn's disease (CD) exclusion diet (CDED) plus partial enteral
nutrition (PEN) and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) both induce remission in pediatric CD …