Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

It is becoming widely acknowledged that lipids play key roles in cellular function, regulating
a variety of biological processes. Lately, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, namely …

Glycerol-based ether lipids including ether phospholipids form a specialized branch of lipids
that in mammals require peroxisomes for their biosynthesis. They are major components of …

Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24: 1n-
9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but …

After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized
that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating …

Plasmalogens (Pls), a kind of glycerophospholipids, have shown potent biological effects
but their role in hippocampus-dependent memory remained mostly elusive. Here, we first …

Ether-lipids (EL) are specific lipids bearing a characteristic sn-1 ether bond. Depending on
the ether or vinyl-ether nature of this bond, they are present as alkyl-or alkenyl-EL …

Omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (ω-9 MUFAs) are a group of unsaturated fatty acids
with a unique double bond in the 9th position at the end of the methyl group terminal, having …

Microglia are permanent immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglia play an
important role in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They are mainly …

Neurodegeneration is a pathological condition in which nervous system or neuron losses its
structure, function, or both leading to progressive neural degeneration. Growing evidence …