The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic
kidney disease (CKD) which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia …

The kidney contains many mitochondria that generate ATP to provide energy for cellular
processes. Oxidative stress injury can be caused by impaired mitochondria with excessive …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality;
however, few mechanistic biomarkers are available for high-risk patients, especially those …

Circulating phosphate levels are tightly controlled within a narrow range in mammals. By
using a novel small-molecule inhibitor, we show that the enzymatic activity of inositol …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes progressive skeletal myopathy involving atrophy,
weakness, and fatigue. Mitochondria have been thought to contribute to skeletal myopathy; …

The kidney is a crucial organ that eliminates metabolic waste and reabsorbs nutritious
elements. It also participates in the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of electrolyte …

Background Uremic toxicity may play a role in the elevated risk of developing cognitive
impairment found among patients with CKD. Some uremic toxins, like indoxyl sulfate, are …

Inhibitors of the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) pathway are potentially promising
antifibrotic therapies, but nonselective simultaneous inhibition of all three TGF-β homologs …

Preclinical animal models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are critical to investigate the
underlying mechanisms of disease and to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutics aimed …

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and
morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including …