Subsurface bacteria also occur in hydrothermal sediments with large temperature gradients
(up to 12° C/m) and with population numbers similar to non-hydrothermal sites at …

To date, several cold-seep areas which fuel chemosynthesis-based benthic communities
have been explored, mainly by deployment of manned submersibles. They are located in …

Hydrocarbon seeps and hydrothermal vents are now known to be common at continental
margins and oceanic spreading centers worldwide, exuding fluids rich in CH4 and H2S, and …

Microbial communities in hydrothermally active sediments of the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of
California, Mexico) were studied by using 16S rRNA sequencing and carbon isotopic …

Mutualistic associations between bacteria and eukaryotes occur ubiquitously in nature,
forming the basis for key ecological and evolutionary innovations. Some of the most …

Sulfate reduction and anaerobic methane oxidation are the dominant microbial processes
occurring in hydrate-bearing sediments at bathyal depths in the Gulf of Mexico where crude …

Gas hydrates occur at the sediment surface on the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge,
Cascadia convergent margin. The hydrates are found in mounds several meters in diameter …

Two mud volcano fields were explored during the French–Dutch MEDINAUT cruise (1998)
with the submersible NAUTILE, one south of Crete along the Mediteranean Ridge at about …

Cold seep communities are sustained by massive methane-rich fluid expulsion through mud
volcanoes located at about 5000 m in the Barbados Trench. These communities, dependent …

The Japan Trench land slope at a depth of 6,400 m is the deepest cold-seep environment
with Calyptogena communities. Sediment samples from inside and beside the Calyptogena …