Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway is the most well-studied of the MAPK cascades
and is critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Abnormalities in regulation …

The signaling pathway of the microtubule-associated protein kinase or extracellular
regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a common mechanism of extracellular information …

The extracellular-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are evolutionarily conserved,
ubiquitous serine–threonine kinases that are involved in regulating cellular signaling in both …

Transcription is a stochastic process occurring mostly in episodic bursts. Although the local
chromatin environment is known to influence the bursting behavior on long timescales, the …

Mechanical stress from blood flow has a significant effect on endothelial physiology, with a
key role in initiating vasoregulatory signals. Disturbances in blood flow, such as in regions of …

It is widely postulated that mechanotransduction is initiated at the local force–membrane
interface by inducing local conformational changes of proteins, similar to soluble ligand …

Interactions between proteins play an essential role in metabolic and signaling pathways,
cellular processes and organismal systems. We report the development of splitFAST, a …

Signal-transduction cascades are usually studied on cell averages, masking variability
between individual cells. To address this, we studied in individual cells the dynamic …

Intracellular chloride ([Cl−] i) and pH (pHi) are fundamental regulators of neuronal
excitability. They exert wide-ranging effects on synaptic signaling and plasticity and on …

Physicochemical models of signaling pathways are characterized by high levels of structural
and parametric uncertainty, reflecting both incomplete knowledge about signal transduction …