Modern radiotherapy (RT) techniques are widely used in the irradiation of moving organs. A
crucial step in ensuring the correct position of a target structure directly before or during …

Carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) allows excellent dose distribution because of the Bragg
Peak. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, it delivers a higher dose with a smaller …

Fiducial markers are used for image guidance to verify the correct positioning of the target
for the case of tumors that can suffer interfractional motion during proton therapy. The …

Purpose: In ion beam therapy electronic stopping power data enter in different disciplines,
eg, dose planning, dosimetry, and radiobiology. However, relevant stopping power data are …

Fiducial markers are nowadays a common tool for patient positioning verification before
radiotherapy treatment. These markers should be visible on x-ray projection imaging …

Background The present study aimed to investigate the dosimetric impact of metal stent for
photon and proton treatment plans in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods With computed …

The purpose of this study was to devise a simple semi‐empirical model to estimate the
range shift in clinical practices with high‐Z inhomogeneity in proton beam. A semi‐empirical …

A well-known shortcoming of radiotherapy is the lack of information regarding the effect that
metallic implants, located near the area of interest, have on the dose distribution in the target …

Surgically implanted electromagnetic transponders have been used in external beam
radiotherapy for target localization and position monitoring in real time. The effect of …

17.5 Management of Uncertainties in Planning and Delivery 536 17.5. 1 Minimization of
Uncertainties 536 17.5. 1.1 Immobilization and Image Guidance 538 17.5. 1.2 Implanted …