Abstract Changes in the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) across the
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …

The temperature of ancient oceans is an important constraint for understanding the climate
history of our planet. The classical oxygen isotope paleothermometry on fossil shells, while …

Proxy reconstructions from marine sediment cores indicate peak temperatures in the first half
of the last and current interglacial periods (the thermal maxima of the Holocene epoch …

The stable carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Catm) is a key parameter in
deciphering past carbon cycle changes. Here we present δ13Catm data for the past 24,000 …

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest engine of interannual climate
variability on the planet, yet its past behavior and potential for future change are poorly …

Extreme climate events such as aridity, drought, flood, cyclone and stormy rainfall are
expected to leave an impact on human society. They are also expected to generate …

Future sea-level rise is an important issue related to the continuing buildup of atmospheric
greenhouse gas concentrations. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with the potential …

Anisotropic (direction-dependent) long-distance dispersal (LDD) by wind has been invoked
to explain the strong floristic affinities shared among landmasses in the Southern …

While the abrupt climate events of the last deglaciation are well defined in ice core records
from the polar regions of both hemispheres, their manifestation elsewhere is less well …

We review teleconnections within the atmosphere and ocean, their dynamics and their role
in coupled climate variability. We concentrate on teleconnections in the latitudinal direction …