Changing El Niño–Southern oscillation in a warming climate

W Cai, A Santoso, M Collins, B Dewitte… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2021 - nature.com
Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

On the future zonal contrasts of equatorial Pacific climate: Perspectives from Observations, Simulations, and Theories

S Lee, M L'Heureux, AT Wittenberg, R Seager… - Npj Climate and …, 2022 - nature.com
Abstract Changes in the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) across the
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …

The GFDL Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics

JP Dunne, LW Horowitz, AJ Adcroft… - Journal of Advances …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …

[HTML][HTML] Tropical cyclones and climate change assessment: Part II: Projected response to anthropogenic warming

T Knutson, SJ Camargo, JCL Chan… - Bulletin of the …, 2020 - journals.ametsoc.org
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to
Anthropogenic Warming in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Volume 101 …

Understanding the recent increase in multiyear La Niñas

B Wang, W Sun, C Jin, X Luo, YM Yang, T Li… - Nature Climate …, 2023 - nature.com
Five out of six La Niña events since 1998 have lasted two to three years. Why so many long-
lasting multiyear La Niña events have emerged recently and whether they will become more …

The teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the stratosphere

DIV Domeisen, CI Garfinkel… - Reviews of Geophysics, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Niño events in recent decades relative to past centuries

MB Freund, BJ Henley, DJ Karoly, HV McGregor… - Nature …, 2019 - nature.com
El Niño events differ substantially in their spatial pattern and intensity. Canonical Eastern
Pacific El Niño events have sea surface temperature anomalies that are strongest in the far …

Evaluating climate models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package

YY Planton, E Guilyardi, AT Wittenberg… - Bulletin of the …, 2021 - journals.ametsoc.org
Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of interannual climate
variability on the planet, with far-reaching global impacts. It is therefore key to evaluate …

The GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM4. 0/LM4. 0: 1. Simulation characteristics with prescribed SSTs

M Zhao, JC Golaz, IM Held, H Guo… - Journal of Advances …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
In this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4. 0/LM4. 0
atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system …

Robust decrease in El Niño/Southern Oscillation amplitude under long-term warming

CW Callahan, C Chen, M Rugenstein… - Nature Climate …, 2021 - nature.com
Abstract El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the primary mode of interannual climate
variability, and understanding its response to climate change is critical, but research remains …