Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral
innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular …

The current outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) infection has emerged as a global matter of
concern in the last few months. MPX is a zoonosis caused by the MPX virus (MPXV), which …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins belonging to the family of pattern-
recognition receptors. They function as sensors of invading pathogens through recognition …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in orchestrating mammalian inflammatory
responses. It promotes inflammation either directly by inducing inflammatory gene …

African swine fever is a devastating disease of swine caused by African swine fever virus
(ASFV). The pathogenesis of the disease remains largely unknown, leaving the spread of …

The incidence of human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC) has surpassed that of cervical cancer and is projected to increase …

Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs), which are molecular signatures shared by different pathogens. Recognition of …

The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors play a vital role in the
human innate antiviral immune responses with production of interferons (IFNs) as a hallmark …

Virus infection of mammalian cells is sensed by pattern recognition receptors and leads to
an innate immune response that restricts virus replication and induces adaptive immunity. In …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes
lethal watery diarrhea in piglets and results in large economic losses in many Asian and …