Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in
all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are …

Global climate change is frequently considered a major conservation threat. The Earth's
climate has already warmed by 0.5° C over the past century, and recent studies show that it …

Causal attribution of recent biological trends to climate change is complicated because non-
climatic influences dominate local, short-term biological changes. Any underlying signal …

A daptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts. It refers to changes in …

Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirmed that mean
global warming was 0.6±0.2° C during the 20th century and cited anthropogenic increases …

The climate of the western shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is undergoing a transition
from a cold-dry polar-type climate to a warm-humid sub-Antarctic–type climate. Using three …

The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and adjacent Scotia Sea support abundant wildlife
populations, many of which were nearly extirpated by humans. This region is also among …

Historical harvesting pushed many whale species to the brink of extinction. Although most
Southern Hemisphere populations are slowly recovering, the influence of future climate …

• In the Arctic, extensive land areas show a 20th-century warming trend in air temperature of
as much as 5 C. Over sea ice, there has been slight warming in the 1961–1990 period …

A phenological study of springtime events was made over a 61-year period at one site in
southern Wisconsin. The records over this long period show that several phenological …