In mammals, the white adipocyte is a cell type that is specialized for storage of energy (in the
form of triacylglycerols) and for energy mobilization (as fatty acids). White adipocyte …

Lactate, perhaps the best-known metabolic waste product, was first isolated from sour milk,
in which it is produced by lactobacilli. Whereas microbes also generate other fermentation …

Lactate is abundant in rapidly dividing cells owing to the requirement for elevated glucose
catabolism to support proliferation,,,,–. However, it is not known whether accumulated lactate …

Liver cancer has become the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of
cancer death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for up to 75–85 …

The evolutionary pressure for life transitioning from extended periods of hypoxia to an
increasingly oxygenated atmosphere initiated drastic selections for a variety of biochemical …

Insulin resistance is one of the earliest defects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Over
the past 50 years, elucidation of the insulin signalling network has provided important …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by lung scarring and has no effective
treatment. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and myofibroblast proliferation and …

As a novel type of non-coding RNAs, covalently closed circular RNAs (circRNAs) are
ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. Emerging studies have indicated that dysregulation of …

With age, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) undergo changes in function, including reduced
regenerative potential and loss of quiescence, which is accompanied by a significant …

Reprogrammed energy metabolism, especially the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis), is an
emerging hallmark of cancer. Different from other breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative …