High voltage direct current (HVDC) systems are now well integrated into AC systems in
many jurisdictions. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a major focus …

Fault-current handling capability of the modular multilevel converters (MMCs) under dc-
cable short-circuit conditions is a major concern for the MMC applications on the high …

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the temporal development of fault currents in a
multiterminal high-voltage direct-current (MT-HVDC) grid composed of a bipolar converter …

The alternate arm converter (AAC) was one of the first modular converter topologies to
feature dc-side fault ride-through capability with only a small penalty in power efficiency …

With the development of power electronics technology, the flexible DC grid will play a
significant role in promoting the transformation and reformation of the power grid. It is …

A high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grid protection strategy to suppress dc fault currents
and prevent overcurrent in the arms of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed in …

This paper studies the impact of the inherent characteristics on the initial-stage short-circuit
current of modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal direct current (MMC-based …

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids will require the development of dc protections that
provide fast fault isolation and minimize the disturbance caused to the existing ac power …

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids can be protected by HVDC circuit breakers (DCCB)
to selectively clear DC side faults and assure continuous operation of the healthy parts in the …

A large high-voltage direct current (HVdc) reactor is required in modular multilevel converter
(MMC) projects to realize dc fault current limiting (FCL). This condition may result in adverse …