Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality
worldwide. Its complexity is influenced by various signal transduction networks that govern …

The ubiquitous family of AP-1 dimeric transcription complexes is involved in virtually all
cellular and physiological functions. It is paramount for cells to reprogram gene expression …

Background Huai Hua San (HHS), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula,
has been widely applied in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the interaction of …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of a fatal malignancy
known as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). One way to address the pathology of the disease lies …

Waddington's epigenetic landscape is a metaphor frequently used to illustrate cell
differentiation. Recent advances in single-cell genomics are altering our understanding of …

The hepatic stellate cell has surprised and engaged physiologists, pathologists, and
hepatologists for over 130 years, yet clear evidence of its role in hepatic injury and fibrosis …

Substantial improvements in the treatment of chronic liver disease have accelerated interest
in uncovering the mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis and its resolution. Activation of …

The transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1) is involved in cellular proliferation,
transformation and death. Using mice and cells lacking AP-1 components, the target-genes …

The AP-1 transcription factor is a dimeric complex that contains members of the JUN, FOS,
ATF and MAF protein families. AP-1 proteins are primarily considered to be oncogenic, but …

The NFAT family of transcription factors encompasses five proteins evolutionarily related to
the Rel/NFκB family (Chytil and Verdine 1996; Graef et al. 2001b). The primordial family …