Abstract Abstract. Charadrii (shorebirds, gulls, and alcids) have an unusual diversity in their
sexual size dimorphism, ranging from monomorphism to either male‐biased or female …

Leks have recently been defined as male display aggregations that females attend primarily
for the purpose of mating. This is an extended version of previous definitions, as a clear-cut …

Lapwings Vanellus vanellus are ground-nesting waders and they protect their nests by
aggressively attacking predators near their nests. We investigated the response of parents to …

In a few species, males invest more than females in parental care while the females invest in
mating competition and producing multiple broods for several mates. Species in the family …

Waders leave nests and conduct distractive displays when approached by people. The time
taken for waders to return to nests depends on numerous factors that affect the costs and …

We investigated territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal behavior in cooperatively breeding
Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) throughout …

Summary 1 The incubation‐limitation hypothesis states that clutch size in shorebirds is
constrained by the ability to incubate more than four eggs successfully. In order to test …

Many birds lay eggs speckled with black or reddish-brown spots of protoporphyrin pigment,
but the function of these spots is debated. Two recent hypotheses have received …

The breeding ecology of Northern Lapwings is well understood, but little attention has been
paid to industrial habitat in urban conglomerations. We compared nest survival and …

We studied the consequences of monogamy and polygyny for male and female lapwings at
a site in northern England between 1993 and 1995. Males and females differed in breeding …