Background The linear noise approximation (LNA) is commonly used to predict how noise is
regulated and exploited at the cellular level. These predictions are exact for reaction …

The variability in traits within species (intraspecific trait variability; ITV) has attracted an
increased interest in functional ecology, as it can profoundly influence the detection of …

Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) is common feature of natural communities and has gained
increasing attention due to its significant ecological effects on community dynamics and …

The coefficient of variation is a variability measure used in manufacturing industries when
the process mean fluctuates with time and process standard deviation is a linear function of …

The coefficient of variation is an effect size measure with many potential uses in psychology
and related disciplines. We propose a general theory for a sequential estimation of the …

A control chart is used to monitor longitudinal measurements of a quality characteristic and
detects undesirable causes of variability. In practice, measurement error may exist and …

Abstract Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a statistical technique to accurately determine
process performance. It has been widely used in manufacturing industries and services. The …

When the production run is short and process parameters change frequently, it is difficult to
monitor the process using traditional control charts. In such a case, the coefficient of …

Since the introduction of the Lorenz curve (Lorenz, 1905) and thereafter the Gini 1914, 1921,
several alternative economic measures were devised by Theil (1967), Kakwani (1980), and …

Control charts are essential tools in Statistical Process Control (SPC) to monitor mean and
variability process parameters. However, some manufacturing industries face the conditions …