Part I of this article discussed the potential functional importance of genetic mutations and
alleles of the human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) gene. The impact of CYP2D6 …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

Pharmacogenetics deals with inherited differences in the response to drugs. The best-
recognized examples are genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which …

Codeine is an analgesic drug acting on μ-opiate receptors predominantly via its metabolite
morphine, which is formed almost exclusively by the genetically polymorphic enzyme …

Abstract Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) plays an important role in the metabolism and
bioactivation of about 25% of clinically used drugs including many antidepressants …

Despite initial enthusiasm, 1, 2, 3 the use of pharmacogenetics has remained limited to
investigation in only a few clinical fields such as oncology and psychiatry. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The …

Several β‐blockers are metabolized by the polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6
(CYP2D6). CYP2D6* 4 is the main polymorphism leading to decreased enzyme activity. The …

Metoprolol, a commonly prescribed β‐blocker, is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450
2D6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme with substantial genetic heterogeneity. Several smaller studies …

For most drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), the functional consequences of genetic
polymorphisms have been examined. Variants leading to reduced or increased enzymatic …

There is a strong and ever-growing body of evidence regarding the use of
pharmacogenomics to inform cardiovascular pharmacology. However, there is no common …