Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T
cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules …

ABSTRACT A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and
cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but …

The probiotic approach represents a potentially effective and mild alternative strategy for the
prevention and treatment of either inflammatory or allergic diseases. Several studies have …

Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces the
production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), favours the differentiation of T helper 1 (TH1) cells and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently emerged infectious disease caused
by a novel coronavirus, but its immunopathological mechanisms have not yet been fully …

T helper cells type 1 (Th1s) that produce interferon-γ predominantly mediate cellular
immune responses and are involved in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions …

Abstract T helper type 1 (TH1) cell development involves interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling
through signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) …

The T helper lymphocyte is responsible for orchestrating the appropriate immune response
to a wide variety of pathogens. The recognition of the polarized T helper cell subsets Th1 …

As more states of CD4 T cell differentiation are uncovered, their flexibility is also beginning
to be recognized. Components that control the plasticity of CD4 T cell populations include …

IL-18 is a product of macrophages and with IL-12 strikingly induces IFN-γ production from T,
B, and NK cells. Furthermore, IL-18 and IL-12 synergize for IFN-γ production from Th1 cells …