In the past, the use of endoscopic spine surgery was limited to intervertebral discectomy;
however, it has recently become possible to treat various spinal degenerative diseases …

Objective The purpose of this study was to suggest appropriate indications and
contraindications for full endoscopic surgery and to predict the prognosis for the incidence of …

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning curve and complications
of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and …

Purpose Full-endoscopic spine surgery for degenerative lumbar diseases is growing in
popularity and has shown favourable outcomes. Lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy …

Objective The endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) approach is associated with high levels of
patient satisfaction, shorter recovery time, and reduced complications. The present study …

Purpose The purpose of this research was to compare the efficacy of unilateral biportal
endoscopic decompression (UBE) and percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic …

Aims Open discectomy (OD) is the standard operation for lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), however, has shown similar …

Significance: Orthopedic surgery currently comprises over 1.5 million cases annually in the
United States alone and is growing rapidly with aging populations. Emerging optical sensing …

Purpose Endoscopic spine surgery has been widely performed to treat degenerative spinal
diseases to mitigate the risks and complications associated with traditional open surgery …

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive bilateral decompressive lumbar laminectomy with a
unilateral approach is a less destructive procedure compared to the traditional open bilateral …