Biochemical reactions are intrinsically stochastic, leading to variation in the production of
mRNAs and proteins within cells. In the scientific literature, this source of variation is typically …

Cell signalling engenders cells with the capability to receive and process information from
the intracellular and extracellular environments, trigger and execute biological responses …

Sustained pro-proliferative signaling is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Although it is
generally understood that the oncogenic signaling pathways are overactivated, or at least …

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates fundamental processes in development, normal
physiology, and diseases, including cancer. Small subpopulations of CXCR4-positive cells …

Cell-to-cell variability in protein concentrations is strongly affected by extrinsic noise,
especially for highly expressed genes. Extrinsic noise can be due to fluctuations of several …

Cells process environmental cues by activating intracellular signaling pathways with
numerous interconnections and opportunities for cross-regulation. We employed a systems …

Survival or apoptosis is a binary decision in individual cells. However, at the cell-population
level, a graded increase in survival of colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) cells is …

Abstract Background Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a matricellular protein that functions to
inhibit angiogenesis. An important pathway that contributes to this inhibitory effect is …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling
cascade that plays a key role in various cellular processes. Understanding the regulatory …

Heterogeneity in cell signaling pathways is increasingly appreciated as a fundamental
feature of cell biology and a driver of clinically relevant disease phenotypes. Understanding …