Vitamin D (VD) is essential for bone homeostasis, but it is also involved in pleiotropic effects
on various organs and tissues. In adults, VD deficiency can cause or exacerbate …

Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against
cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system
(CNS), resulting from the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors …

Purpose Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as another potential risk factor for coronavirus
disease (COVID‐19) due to the immunomodulatory effects of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) …

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone regulating the expression of almost 900 genes, and it is
involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune response, and …

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways characterized by inflammation, tightened
muscles, and thickened airway walls leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest …

Objective Observational studies have shown that vitamin D levels are inversely related to
rheumatoid arthritis activity, yet evidence from population interventions remains inconsistent …

Hypovitaminosis D is a serious public health problem, representing an independent factor in
mortality among the general population. Vitamin D deficiency may affect up to one billion …

Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It
represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics …

Vitamin D and cognition is a popular association, which led to a remarkable body of
literature data in the past 50 years. The brain can synthesize, catabolize, and receive …