Every animal species expresses hundreds of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
that respond to a wide variety of external stimuli. GPCRs-driven signaling pathways are …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) selectively phosphorylate activated
GPCRs, thereby priming them for desensitization. Although it is unclear how GRKs …

The light sensor of vertebrate scotopic (low-light) vision, rhodopsin, is a G-protein-coupled
receptor comprising a polypeptide chain with bound chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, that …

G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) constitute a family of six mammalian
serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate agonist-bound, or activated, G protein …

The Escherichia coli biotin holoenzyme synthetase, BirA, catalyzes transfer of biotin to the
epsilon amino group of a specific lysine residue of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) …

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are best known for their role in
homologous desensitization of GPCRs. GRKs phosphorylate activated receptors and …

▪ Abstract G protein–coupled receptors (GPRs) play a key role in controlling hormonal
regulation of numerous second-messenger pathways. However, following agonist activation …

Conformational changes are thought to underlie the activation of heterotrimeric GTP-binding
protein (G protein)—coupled receptors. Such changes in rhodopsin were explored by …

Of the many forms of GPCR1 regulation none has received as much attention as the process
of receptor desensitization, ie the waning responsiveness of the receptors in the face of …