Attempts to explain differences in the size and structure of primate groups have argued that
they are a consequence of variation in the intensity of feeding competition caused by …

Social animal species present a vast repertoire of social interactions when encountering
conspecifics. Reproduction-related behaviors, such as mating, parental care, and …

During foraging, animals have to balance the risk of predation with the energy gain. The
amount of risk animals take for a given resource depends on their energy budget but is …

Social structure is a fundamental component of a population that drives ecological and
evolutionary processes ranging from parasite transmission to sexual selection …

Despite increasing interest, animal personality is still a puzzling phenomenon. Several
theoretical models have been proposed to explain intraindividual consistency and …

Cost-benefit trade-offs for individuals participating in social behaviors are the basis for
current theories on the evolution of social behaviors and societies. However, research on …

While for decades behavioural ecologists have studied the costs and benefits of group
living, solitary living has received little attention. Instead, it was assumed to be the default …

Cooperative hunting involves individual predators relating in time and space to each other's
actions to more efficiently track down and catch prey. The evolution of advanced cognitive …

Socioecology considers that the features of food sources affect female social relationships in
group-living species. Among primates, the tests of socioecological models are largely …

Reliable measurements of physiological stress are increasingly needed for eco-
physiological research and for species conservation or management. Stress can be …