In recent years, the proportion of organic and inorganic contaminants has increased rapidly
due to growing human interference and represents a threat to ecosystems. The removal of …

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely used in industrial production and daily life because
of their unique physicochemical properties, such as their hydrophobicity, oleophobicity …

Carbofuran is one of the most toxic broad-spectrum and systemic N-methyl carbamate
pesticide, which is extensively applied as insecticide, nematicide and acaricide for …

Widespread application of glyphosate poses a threat to living organisms. Microbial strains
are able to degrade glyphosate via contrasting metabolic pathways with the help of …

Chlorpyrifos is extensively used worldwide as an insecticide to control various insect pests.
Long-term and irregular applications of chlorpyrifos have resulted in large-scale soil …

Neonicotinoids are derivatives of synthetic nicotinoids with better insecticidal capabilities,
including imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and …

Carbamate compounds are commonly applied in agricultural sectors as alternative options
to the recalcitrant organochlorine pesticides due to their easier breakdown and less …

Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) is an organochlorine pesticide that has been widely
used in agriculture over the last seven decades. The increasing residues of lindane in soil …

In this era of rapid industrialization and modernization, contamination of the environment
with heavy metals from natural and anthropogenic sources without proper disposal …

The large-scale application of organic pollutants (OPs) has contaminated the air, soil, and
water. Persistent OPs enter the food supply chain and create several hazardous effects on …