Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular
metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and …

The target of rapamycin (TOR), discovered 30 years ago, is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth and …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and
elevated blood glucose levels. Although a large drug portfolio exists to keep the blood …

Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is
one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that …

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in a world‐wide …

The mTOR pathway integrates a diverse set of environmental cues, such as growth factor
signals and nutritional status, to direct eukaryotic cell growth. Over the past two and a half …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in
regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream …