Gastric and small intestinal (GSI) models are increasingly used as an alternative to in vivo
assays to answer many questions raised by industry and researchers. A broad range of in …

Accurate prediction of the in vivo biopharmaceutical performance of oral drug formulations is
critical to efficient drug development. Traditionally, in vitro evaluation of oral drug …

Microplastics (MPs) are a widely recognized global problem due to their prevalence in
natural environments and the food chain. However, the impact of microplastics on human …

This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human
gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and …

Background Biorelevant media for evaluation of dosage form performance in the
gastrointestinal lumen were first introduced in the late 1990s. Since then, a variety of …

Pharmaceutical research needs predictive in vitro tools for API bioavailability in humans. We
evaluated two dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models: TIM-1 and tiny-TIM. Four low-soluble …

Many of the compounds present in lipid-based drug-delivery systems are esters, such as
acylglycerols, phospholipids, polyethyleneglycol mono-and di-esters and polysorbate, which …

Various gastrointestinal (GI) factors affect drug and formulation behavior after oral
administration, including GI transfer, motility, pH and GI fluid volume and composition. An in …

A reliable prediction of the oral bioavailability in humans is crucial and of high interest for
pharmaceutical and food industry. The predictive value of currently used in silico methods, in …

Before being absorbed in the small intestine and/or colon, orally administered drugs
inevitably need to pass through the stomach. Hence, it seems reasonable that the residence …