Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as one of the most promising feedstocks for
production of the second-generation biofuels and biochemicals without food and fuel …

The applications of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) grow with each year.
However, different FRET techniques are not applied consistently, nor are results uniformly …

A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having
properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being …

Optical multiplexing plays an important role in applications such as optical data storage,
document security, molecular probes, and bead assays for personalized medicine …

Optical microscopy has been a fundamental tool of biological discovery for more than three
centuries, but its in vivo tissue imaging ability has been restricted by light scattering to …

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from
diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels …

Membrane microdomains (rafts) remain one of the controversial issues in biophysics.
Fluorescent molecular probes, which make these lipid nanostructures visible through optical …

This review describes the diffusion model for light transport in tissues and the medical
applications of diffuse light. Diffuse optics is particularly useful for measurement of tissue …

Fluorescence microscopy provides an efficient and unique approach to study fixed and
living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Fluorescence …

The success of fluorescence experiments requires attention to experimental details and an
understanding of the instrumentation. There are also many potential artifacts that can distort …