Cardiovascular diseases are common among avian species but also have been known for
their difficulty to diagnose. Knowledge on these disorders has increased considerably over …

Aging is the accumulation of progressive cellular changes typically associated with
decreased physiologic function. These changes result in generalized impairment of …

Bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by inflammation in the alveoli,
subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and myofibroblasts, and an impaired …

Cardiovascular Drugs in Avian, Small Mammal, and Reptile Medicine - Veterinary Clinics:
Exotic Animal Practice Skip to Main Content Skip to Main Menu Advertisement Veterinary …

Point of care devices can assess electrolyte, blood gas, biochemical, and hematologic
values in a critical care setting. Although these devices are commonly used in humans and …

Metabolic derangements and respiratory distress are common presenting problems in
emergency medicine. 1 In patients whose clinical condition dictates urgent care, emergency …

The avian respiratory system is well adapted to the manifold physiological requirements.
The lungs are relatively small, though extremely functional. The main bronchus runs through …

Most psittacine birds are colorful birds that have a strong beak for cracking nuts, seeds, and
woody foodstuffs and are commonly kept as pets. Most parrots are prone to stress during …

Abstract A 25-year-old, male mealy Amazon parrot (Amazona farinose) with a history of
polycythemia, hepatomegaly, and epistaxis was evaluated for progressive lethargy and …

This chapter includes a brief section on the normal structures of the avian lymphoid and
hematopoietic systems and describes the characteristics of innate, adaptive, humoral, and …