Structural engineering is focused on the safe and efficient design of infrastructure. Projects
can range in size and complexity, many requiring massive amounts of materials and …

The type of mathematical modeling selected for the optimum design problems of steel
skeletal frames affects the size and mathematical complexity of the programming problem …

This paper considers the optimal design of fabricated steel beams for long-span portal
frames. The design optimisation takes into account ultimate as well as serviceability limit …

This paper describes a stressed-skin diaphragm approach to the optimal design of the
internal frame of a cold-formed steel portal framing system, in conjunction with the effect of …

The design of hot-rolled steel portal frames can be sensitive to serviceability deflection limits.
In such cases, in order to reduce frame deflections, practitioners increase the size of the …

Cold-formed steel portal frames are a popular form of construction for low-rise commercial,
light industrial and agricultural buildings with spans of up to 20 m. In this article, a real-coded …

The design optimization of cold-formed steel portal frame buildings is considered in this
paper. The real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer proposed considers both building's …

Cold-formed steel portal frames are a popular form of construction for single-storey buildings
of spans of up to 30 m. Such buildings typically use cold-formed steel channel-sections for …

In steel portal frames, cold-formed steel channel sections are increasingly used as the
primary framing components, in addition to the secondary members eg purlins and side …

The optimum analysis for Railway Station Building of Yujiapu (a shell-shaped single-layer
reticulated shell structure) was conducted based on genetic algorithm. An elitist genetic …