A whole organism, network approach can help explain the adaptive purpose of stress-
induced changes in immune function. In insects, mediators of the stress response (eg stress …

Understanding host immune function and ecoimmunology is increasingly important at a time
when emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) threaten wildlife. One EID that has emerged and …

Glucocorticoids are important mediators of energy utilization for key physiological
processes, including immune function. Much work has focused on the effects of energy …

Human population and thus anthropogenic disturbance of natural systems are increasing at
staggering rates. However, the impact of disturbance on natural systems likely varies with …

When access to resources is limited, organisms must shift energy investment among
physiological processes to survive, reproduce, and respond to unpredictable events. The …

Reptiles, the only ectothermic amniotes, employ a wide variety of physiological adaptations
to adjust to their environments but remain vastly understudied in the field of immunology and …

Levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation have increased in many parts of the world due to the
anthropogenic destruction of the ozone layer. UV radiation is a potent immunosuppressant …

The energetic cost of immunity depends on many factors, including the type of challenge, the
timing of the response, and the state of the animal. We measured changes in the standard …

Endocrine-immune interactions are variable across species and contexts making it difficult to
discern consistent patterns. There is a paucity of data in non-model systems making these …

In social mammals, condition and health are important determinants of the ability of males to
achieve high dominance rank. Measures of individual condition are also predicted to affect …