Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the sharing of genetic material between organisms that are
not in a parent–offspring relationship. HGT is a widely recognized mechanism for adaptation …

Currently, most biotechnological products are based on microbial conversion of
carbohydrate substrates that are predominantly generated from sugar-or starch-containing …

Archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are among the most abundant prokaryotes on Earth
and are widely distributed in marine, terrestrial, and geothermal environments. All studied …

Biotin-dependent carboxylases include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), propionyl-CoA
carboxylase (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), geranyl-CoA carboxylase …

Genomes 5 has been completely revised and updated. It is a thoroughly modern textbook
about genomes and how they are investigated. As with previous Genomes editions …

Phosphate is essential for all living systems, serving as a building block of genetic and
metabolic machinery. However, it is unclear how phosphate could have assumed these …

Halophiles are salt-loving organisms that inhabit hypersaline environments. They include
mainly prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms with the capacity to balance the osmotic …

Archaebacterial halophiles (Haloarchaea) are oxygen-respiring heterotrophs that derive
from methanogens—strictly anaerobic, hydrogen-dependent autotrophs. Haloarchaeal …

Itaconate (methylenesuccinate) was recently identified as a mammalian metabolite whose
production is substantially induced during macrophage activation. This compound is a …

Archaea that live at high salt concentrations are a phylogenetically diverse group of
microorganisms. They include the heterotrophic haloarchaea (class Halobacteria) and some …