In arbitrary dimension, in the discrete setting of finite-differences we prove a Carleman
estimate for a semi-discrete parabolic operator, in which the large parameter is connected to …

Biliary bile salt composition of 677 vertebrate species (103 fish, 130 reptiles, 271 birds, 173
mammals) was determined. Bile salts were of three types: C 27 bile alcohols, C 27 bile …

Lampreys are representatives of an ancient vertebrate lineage that diverged from our own∼
500 million years ago. By virtue of this deeply shared ancestry, the sea lamprey (P. marinus) …

Chemical cues constitute much of the language of life in the sea. Our understanding of biotic
interactions and their effects on marine ecosystems will advance more rapidly if this …

Odor signals received by odorant receptors (ORs) expressed by olfactory sensory neurons
(OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) are represented as an odor map in the olfactory bulb …

During the last 80 years there have been extraordinary advances in our knowledge of the
chemistry and biology of bile acids. We present here a brief history of the major …

Among vertebrates, fish show by far the greatest variability of alternative reproductive tactics
(ARTs). Usually, males attempting to monopolize access to females or fertilizations are …

Although freshwater invasions have not been targeted for maintenance management or
eradication as often as terrestrial invasions have, attempts to do so are frequent. Failures as …

Background Among invertebrates, specific pheromones elicit inherent (fixed) behavioural
responses to coordinate social behaviours such as sexual recognition and attraction. By …

SERIES INTRODUCTION to cholesterol require molecular oxygen and could therefore occur
only after the evolution of aerobic cells. However, in a fascinating “evolutionary preview” of …