Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential macronutrient as well as a second messenger in
diverse biological processes in plants. Plants perceive various stimuli which leads to …

Ca2+ signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental
processes of plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result …

Endosomes, lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles are emerging as important Ca2+
storage cellular compartments with a central role in intracellular Ca2+ signalling …

In plant cells, the calcium ion is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger involved in
numerous signalling pathways. Variations in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+] cyt) …

Nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) catalyse passive fluxes of cations through plant
membranes. NSCCs do not, or only to a small extent, select between monovalent cations …

Plant pathogen attacks are perceived through pathogen-issued compounds or plant-derived
molecules that elicit defense reactions. Despite the large variety of elicitors, general …

Abstract Cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+] cyt) is a ubiquitous signalling component in plant
cells. Numerous stimuli trigger sustained or transient elevations of [Ca2+] cyt that evoke …

The recognition between disease resistance (R) genes in plants and their cognate
avirulence (Avr) genes in pathogens can produce a hypersensitive response of localized …

Root system formation proceeds in close coordination with shoot growth. Accordingly, root
growth and its functions are regulated tightly by the shoot through materials cycling between …

Our current understanding of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered
immunity signaling pathways in plants is limited due to the redundancy of several …